Albert Einstein Biography
İngilizce Albert Einstein Biyografisi
Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Wurttemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879 Six weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office In 1905 he obtained his doctors degree
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton* He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945
After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal He regarded his major achievements as mere steppingstones for the next advance
At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light
In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics
In the 1920′s, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology
After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists
Einsteins researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938) Among his nonscientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important
Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities During the 1920′s he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East and he was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935
Einsteins gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Lowenthal, who died in 1936 He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey
From Nobel Lectures, Physics 19011921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967
This autobiographybiography was first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures To cite this document, always state the source as shown above
İngilizce Albert Einstein Biyografisi
Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Wurttemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879 Six weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office In 1905 he obtained his doctors degree
During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton* He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945
After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal He regarded his major achievements as mere steppingstones for the next advance
At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light
In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics
In the 1920′s, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology
After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists
Einsteins researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938) Among his nonscientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important
Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities During the 1920′s he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East and he was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935
Einsteins gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Lowenthal, who died in 1936 He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey
From Nobel Lectures, Physics 19011921, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967
This autobiographybiography was first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures To cite this document, always state the source as shown above
