Ankara'yı tanıtan ingilizce yazı
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul The city has a mean elevation of 850 m (2800 ft), and as of 2007 the city had a population of 4,446,000, which includes eight districts under the city's administration1 Ankara also serves as the capital of the Province of Ankara
As with many ancient cities, Ankara has gone by several names over the ages: The Hittites gave it the name Ankuwash before 1200 BC23 The Galatians and RomansAncyra In the classical, Hellenistic, and Byzantine periods it was known as Ἄγκυρα Ánkyra It was also known as Angora after it fell to the Seljuks in 1073, and was so known up until 1930 called it
Centrally located in Anatolia, Ankara is an important commercial and industrial city It is the center of the Turkish Government, and houses all foreign embassies It is an important crossroads of trade, strategically located at the center of Turkey's highway and railway networks, and serves as the marketing center for the surrounding agricultural area The city was famous for its longhaired Angora goat and its prized wool (mohair), a unique breed of cat (Angora cat), white rabbits and their prized wool (Angora wool), pears, honey, and the region's muscat grapes
Ankara is situated upon a steep and rocky hill, which rises 150 m above the plain on the left bank of the Enguri Su, a tributary of the Sakarya (Sangarius) river The city is located at 39°52'30North, 32°52' East (39°52′30″N 32°50′00″E 39875, 328333Coordinates: 39°52′30″N 32°50′00″E 39875, 328333), about 351 kilometres (218 mi) to the southeast of Istanbul, the country's largest city Ankara is one of the driest places in Turkey and is surrounded by a barren steppe vegetation, with various Hittite, Phrygian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottomanarchaeological sites It has a harsh, dry continental climate with cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers Rainfall occurs mostly during the spring and autumn
The hill which overlooks the city is crowned by the ruins of the old castle, which adds to the picturesqueness of the view, but only a few historic structures surrounding the old citadel have survived to our date There are, however, many finely preserved remains of Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine architecture, the most remarkable being the Temple of Augustus and Rome (20 BC) which is also known as the Monumentum Ancyranum
History
The region's vibrant history can be traced back to the Bronze Age Hatti civilization, which was succeeded in the 2nd millennium BC by the Hittites, in the 10th century BC by the Phrygians, and later by the Lydians, Persians, Macedonians, Galatians, Romans, Byzantines, and Turks (Seljuk Empire then Ottoman Empire and then Turkey)
The oldest settlements in and around the city center of Ankara belong to the HattiBronze Age Artifacts discovered in the city have revealed that the Hittites called Ankara with the name Ankuwash prior to 1200 BC23 The city significantly grew in size and importance under the Phrygians starting from around 1000 BC, experiencing a large expansion following the mass migration from Gordion, the capital of Phrygia, after an earthquake which severely damaged that city in antiquity In Phrygian tradition, King Midas was venerated as the founder of Ancyra, but Pausanias mentions that the city was actually far older, in line with the presentday knowledge that we have on its history6 civilization which lived during the
Phrygian rule was succeeded first by Lydian and later by Persian rule, though the strongly Phrygian character of the peasantry remained, as evidenced by the gravestones of the much later Roman period Persian sovereignty lasted until the Persians' defeat at the hands of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great who conquered the city in 333 BC Alexander came from Gordion to Ankara and stayed in the city for a short period After his death at Babylon in 323 BC and the subsequent ision of his empire amongst his generals, Ankara and its environs fell into the share of Antigonus Apart from the Phrygian period in which the city experienced its largest expansion in the ancient times, another important expansion took place under the Greeks of Pontos who came there and developed the city as a trading center for the commerce of goods between the Black Sea ports and Crimea to the north; Assyria, Cyprus, and Lebanon to the south; and Georgia, Armenia and Persia to the east By that time the city also took its name Áγκυρα Ànkyra (meaning anchor in Greek) which is still used by the Turks with the slightly modified form of Ankara
In 278 BC, the city, along with the rest of central Anatolia, was occupied by the CelticGalatians, who were the first to make Ankara one of their main tribal centres, the headquarters of the Tectosages tribe Other centres were Pessinos, today's Balhisar, for the Trocmi tribe; and Tavium, to the east of Ankara, for the Tolstibogii tribe The city was then known as Ancyra The Celtic element was probably relatively small in numbers; a warrior aristocracy which ruled over Phrygianspeaking peasants However, the Celtic language continued to be spoken in Galatia for many centuries At the end of the 4th century AD, St Jerome, a native of Galatia, observed that the language spoken around Ankara was very similar to that being spoken in the northwest of the Roman world near Trier race of
The city was subsequently conquered by Augustus in 25 BC and passed under the control of the Roman Empire Now the capital city of the Roman province of Galatia, Ancyra continued to be a center of great commercial importance Ankara is also famous for the Monumentum Ancyranum (Temple of Augustus and Rome) which contains the official record of the Acts of Augustus, known as the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, an inscription cut in marble on the walls of this temple The ruins of Ancyra still furnish today valuable basreliefs, inscriptions and other architectural fragments
Augustus decided to make Ancyra one of three main administrative centres in central Anatolia The town was then populated by Phrygians and Celts—the Galatians who spoke a language closely related to Welsh and Gaelic Ancyra was the center of a tribe known as the Tectosages, and Augustus upgraded it into a major provincial capital for his empire Two other Galatian tribal centres, Tavium near Yozgat, and Pessinus (Balhisar) to the west, near Sivrihisar, continued to be reasonably important settlements in the Roman period, but it was Ancyra that grew into a grand metropolis
An estimated 200,000 people lived in Ancyra in good times during the Roman Empire, a far greater number than was to be the case after the fall of the Roman Empire until the early twentieth century A small river, the Ankara Cayı, ran through the centre of the Roman town It has now been covered over and erted, but it formed the northern boundary of the old town during the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman periods Cankaya, the rim of the majestic hill to the south of the present city center, stood well outside the Roman city, but may have been a summer resort In the 19th century, the remains of at least one Roman villa or large house were still standing not far from where the Cankaya Presidential Residence stands today To the west, the Roman city extended until the area of the Genclik Park and Railway Station, while on the southern side of the hill, it may have extended downwards as far as the site presently occupied by Hacettepe University It was thus a sizeable city by any standards and much larger than the
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul The city has a mean elevation of 850 m (2800 ft), and as of 2007 the city had a population of 4,446,000, which includes eight districts under the city's administration1 Ankara also serves as the capital of the Province of Ankara
As with many ancient cities, Ankara has gone by several names over the ages: The Hittites gave it the name Ankuwash before 1200 BC23 The Galatians and RomansAncyra In the classical, Hellenistic, and Byzantine periods it was known as Ἄγκυρα Ánkyra It was also known as Angora after it fell to the Seljuks in 1073, and was so known up until 1930 called it
Centrally located in Anatolia, Ankara is an important commercial and industrial city It is the center of the Turkish Government, and houses all foreign embassies It is an important crossroads of trade, strategically located at the center of Turkey's highway and railway networks, and serves as the marketing center for the surrounding agricultural area The city was famous for its longhaired Angora goat and its prized wool (mohair), a unique breed of cat (Angora cat), white rabbits and their prized wool (Angora wool), pears, honey, and the region's muscat grapes
Ankara is situated upon a steep and rocky hill, which rises 150 m above the plain on the left bank of the Enguri Su, a tributary of the Sakarya (Sangarius) river The city is located at 39°52'30North, 32°52' East (39°52′30″N 32°50′00″E 39875, 328333Coordinates: 39°52′30″N 32°50′00″E 39875, 328333), about 351 kilometres (218 mi) to the southeast of Istanbul, the country's largest city Ankara is one of the driest places in Turkey and is surrounded by a barren steppe vegetation, with various Hittite, Phrygian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottomanarchaeological sites It has a harsh, dry continental climate with cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers Rainfall occurs mostly during the spring and autumn
The hill which overlooks the city is crowned by the ruins of the old castle, which adds to the picturesqueness of the view, but only a few historic structures surrounding the old citadel have survived to our date There are, however, many finely preserved remains of Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine architecture, the most remarkable being the Temple of Augustus and Rome (20 BC) which is also known as the Monumentum Ancyranum
History
The region's vibrant history can be traced back to the Bronze Age Hatti civilization, which was succeeded in the 2nd millennium BC by the Hittites, in the 10th century BC by the Phrygians, and later by the Lydians, Persians, Macedonians, Galatians, Romans, Byzantines, and Turks (Seljuk Empire then Ottoman Empire and then Turkey)
The oldest settlements in and around the city center of Ankara belong to the HattiBronze Age Artifacts discovered in the city have revealed that the Hittites called Ankara with the name Ankuwash prior to 1200 BC23 The city significantly grew in size and importance under the Phrygians starting from around 1000 BC, experiencing a large expansion following the mass migration from Gordion, the capital of Phrygia, after an earthquake which severely damaged that city in antiquity In Phrygian tradition, King Midas was venerated as the founder of Ancyra, but Pausanias mentions that the city was actually far older, in line with the presentday knowledge that we have on its history6 civilization which lived during the
Phrygian rule was succeeded first by Lydian and later by Persian rule, though the strongly Phrygian character of the peasantry remained, as evidenced by the gravestones of the much later Roman period Persian sovereignty lasted until the Persians' defeat at the hands of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great who conquered the city in 333 BC Alexander came from Gordion to Ankara and stayed in the city for a short period After his death at Babylon in 323 BC and the subsequent ision of his empire amongst his generals, Ankara and its environs fell into the share of Antigonus Apart from the Phrygian period in which the city experienced its largest expansion in the ancient times, another important expansion took place under the Greeks of Pontos who came there and developed the city as a trading center for the commerce of goods between the Black Sea ports and Crimea to the north; Assyria, Cyprus, and Lebanon to the south; and Georgia, Armenia and Persia to the east By that time the city also took its name Áγκυρα Ànkyra (meaning anchor in Greek) which is still used by the Turks with the slightly modified form of Ankara
In 278 BC, the city, along with the rest of central Anatolia, was occupied by the CelticGalatians, who were the first to make Ankara one of their main tribal centres, the headquarters of the Tectosages tribe Other centres were Pessinos, today's Balhisar, for the Trocmi tribe; and Tavium, to the east of Ankara, for the Tolstibogii tribe The city was then known as Ancyra The Celtic element was probably relatively small in numbers; a warrior aristocracy which ruled over Phrygianspeaking peasants However, the Celtic language continued to be spoken in Galatia for many centuries At the end of the 4th century AD, St Jerome, a native of Galatia, observed that the language spoken around Ankara was very similar to that being spoken in the northwest of the Roman world near Trier race of
The city was subsequently conquered by Augustus in 25 BC and passed under the control of the Roman Empire Now the capital city of the Roman province of Galatia, Ancyra continued to be a center of great commercial importance Ankara is also famous for the Monumentum Ancyranum (Temple of Augustus and Rome) which contains the official record of the Acts of Augustus, known as the Res Gestae Divi Augusti, an inscription cut in marble on the walls of this temple The ruins of Ancyra still furnish today valuable basreliefs, inscriptions and other architectural fragments
Augustus decided to make Ancyra one of three main administrative centres in central Anatolia The town was then populated by Phrygians and Celts—the Galatians who spoke a language closely related to Welsh and Gaelic Ancyra was the center of a tribe known as the Tectosages, and Augustus upgraded it into a major provincial capital for his empire Two other Galatian tribal centres, Tavium near Yozgat, and Pessinus (Balhisar) to the west, near Sivrihisar, continued to be reasonably important settlements in the Roman period, but it was Ancyra that grew into a grand metropolis
An estimated 200,000 people lived in Ancyra in good times during the Roman Empire, a far greater number than was to be the case after the fall of the Roman Empire until the early twentieth century A small river, the Ankara Cayı, ran through the centre of the Roman town It has now been covered over and erted, but it formed the northern boundary of the old town during the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman periods Cankaya, the rim of the majestic hill to the south of the present city center, stood well outside the Roman city, but may have been a summer resort In the 19th century, the remains of at least one Roman villa or large house were still standing not far from where the Cankaya Presidential Residence stands today To the west, the Roman city extended until the area of the Genclik Park and Railway Station, while on the southern side of the hill, it may have extended downwards as far as the site presently occupied by Hacettepe University It was thus a sizeable city by any standards and much larger than the